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The Cancun agreement also stipulates that robust and transparent national monitoring systems of the above mitigation activities shall be developed. This means that, potentially, all forest resources in developing countries are subject to accountable mitigation actions. Reducing emissions from forest degradation REDD+ includes the implementation of the following mitigation actions: Under the UNFCCC, the REDD+ instrument (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), as agreed at the COP-16 of the UNFCCC in December 2010, is critical for developing countries. These actions are now referred to collectively as REDD+ . “Enhanced national/international action on mitigation of climate change, including, inter alia, consideration of…policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries”. Linking deforestation with climate change as a mitigation action was one of the key decisions of the thirteenth Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Annual emissions from deforestation in Indonesia and Brazil equal four-fifths of the annual reduction target of the Kyoto Protocol. The combined effects of logging and forest regrowth on abandoned land are responsible for 10–25% of global human-induced emissions. Deforestation alone is responsible for about 12% of the world’s anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, whereas another 6% stems from peat oxidation and fires on degraded peatland areas.
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Land use and land cover changes, including legal and illegal deforestation, are amongst the most important factors that contribute to the social and environmental challenges facing mankind in the 21st century. A systematic review of the methods used for assessing carbon stocks and carbon stock changes will contribute to the transparent analysis of complex and often contradictory science.
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Discussionĭeveloping effective mitigation strategies to reduce carbon emissions and equitable adaptation strategies to cope with increasing global temperatures will rely on robust scientific information that is free from biases imposed by national and commercial interests. Assessing carbon in harvested wood products will not be considered in this review. MethodsĪ systematic review will compare methods of assessing carbon stocks and carbon stock changes in key land use categories, including, forest land, cropland, grassland, and wetlands, in terrestrial carbon pools that can be accounted for under the Kyoto protocol (above- ground biomass, below-ground biomass, dead wood, litter and soil carbon). The adequacy and comparability of these different systems have not been fully evaluated. There is a growing body of scientific and technical information on ground-based and remote sensing methods of carbon measurement. The choice of system to adopt should be guided by good science. Climate change and high rates of global carbon emissions have focussed attention on the need for high-quality monitoring systems to assess how much carbon is present in terrestrial systems and how these change over time.